Alcoholic Fermentation: A fermentation process that produces alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide from sugars. Exoenzyme: An enzyme which acts outside the cell that secretes it. Generation Time: The time required for a population to double in number. taxonomic group whose members can interbreed. Mammalia: Mammalia is a group of animals known as the vertebrates (have backbones) and belong to the class Mammalia. Dilution Plate Count Method: A method of estimating the number of viable micro-organisms in a sample. Bioinsecticide: A pathogen (either bacteria, virus or fungi) used to kill or inhibit the activity of unwanted insect pests. Nonpolar: A substance that is hydrophobic and does not easily dissolve in water. Shell: A hard outer covering of an organism made up of carapace and plastron. Endothermic: The ability of an organism to constantly maintain its body temperature, usually keeping itself warm, irrespective of the external or surrounding conditions. Mostly contains oligotrophic proteobacteria, many of which have distinctive morphological features. Baleen: Baleen whales are those whales that filter plankton for ingestion, out of large quantities of water. Triangulation: The method used by animals to find out the distance between themselves and their prey using two or more fixed points. These procedures maybe laboratory procedures such as microbiological cultures. Bill: The projecting mouth of a bird. Clarification: The process of purification of water, where suspended material in the water is removed. Immunoglobulin: A protein which has antibody activity. Particle Size: Effective diameter of a particle measured by sedimentation or micrometric methods. carbon cycle - the series of events that move carbon dioxide through the atmosphere into organisms and back. It can be acquired by individuals by the transfer of cells. Meiosis results in the formation of gametes in animals and spores in other organisms. Range: A particular geographical area in which particular species of organisms are found. Humification: The process of conversion of organic residues into humic substances by biochemical processes. Keratin: A hard insoluble protein substance found in hair, nails of mammals, scales of reptiles and bird feathers. Homeothermy: The capacity to maintain the condition of being warm-blooded under all climatic situations. Carnasial Tooth: A premolar tooth, which is used to efficiently tear and slice meat of prey. Brood Patch: Located on the lower abdomen of birds, this patch develops by the shedding of feathers in this area, and the consequent thickening of the skin, after which it becomes densely populated with blood vessels. It is broken down into many fields, reflecting the complexity of life from the atoms and molecules of biochemistry to the interactions of millions of organisms in ecology. Cytokine: Non-antibody proteins released by a cell when it comes in contact with specific antigens. Pasteurization: Process of using heat to kill or reduce the activity of micro-organisms in heat-sensitive materials. linked genes Agarose: Agarose is obtained from seaweed and is used as a resolving medium in electrophoresis. Ericoid Mycorrhizae: The type of mycorrhizae found in Ericales plants. Larva: A premature form of animal or insect awaiting transformation to reach adulthood. Flight Feathers: Describes the stiff, large feathers of the tail and wings of a bird that are essential for flight. Nucleic Acid: A high molecular weight nucleotide polymer. Birth Rate: The term is the average number of young produced within a specific period of time. Estuaries: Water bodies located at river ends. WebOdyssey HIgH sCHOOL BIOLOgy VOCaBuLary These are the vocabulary words and definitions used throughout the Biology course. Aves: A class of vertebrates comprising the entire bird family. Transduction: The process where host genetic information is transferred through an agent like a virus or a bacteriophage. They may be physiologic or pathologic. Amphibians are vertebrates and cold-blooded. Amoeboid Movement: Movement by means of extrusions of the cytoplasm, leading to formation of foot-like processes called pseudopodia. Xylophagous: Organisms that feed entirely or primarily on wood. # A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Show All New Videos # 5 and 3 Ends of DNA/RNA A Actin Action Potential Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Monoclonal Antibody: Antibody produced from a single clone of cells, which has a uniform structure and specificity. Territory: The area of belonging, which is guarded by animals against intruders, especially belonging to the same species. Our lists cover essential terms and concepts from all major scientific disciplines. Acclimation: Acclimation refers to the morphological and/or physiological changes experienced by various organisms to adapt or accustom themselves to a new climate or environment. Homolactic Fermentation: A type of lactic acid fermentation, in which all sugars involved are converted into lactic acid. Xerophyte: A plant which has adapted itself to a dry environment and is able to conserve water. Annotation: The process of determining the exact location of specific genes in a genome map. Resident: A non-migratory species of birds, which stays in a given geographical area throughout its life. Cnidaria: A name given to the invertebrate phylum Coelenterata, the emphasis is given to the stinging characteristic of the phylum, which makes up its basic structure comprising nettles, which are generally toxic in nature. Just as life itself comes in many forms and sizes, biology is taught on many levels within the high school science curriculum. Combinatorial Biology: The process of transfer of genetic material from one microorganism to another. the region of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter, a process in which one substance permeates another, the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur, transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy, any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus, the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal, the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy, a substance used to kill microorganisms and cure infections, any substance that stimulates an immune response in the body, the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs, reproduction without the fusion of gametes, a chamber connected to other chambers or passageways, the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs, the property of being symmetrical about a vertical plane, the total amount of living matter in a given unit area, major ecological community with distinct climate and flora, production of a chemical compound by a living organism, marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together, the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones, the branch of biology that studies plants, breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy, substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction, a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane, a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers, a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape, anterior part of the brain consisting of two hemispheres, process determined by substances' composition and structure, component of arthropods' exoskeletons and bodies of fungi, any of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms, organelle in which photosynthesis takes place, the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes, a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes, the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body, a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid, when one organism benefits from another without damaging it, a group of people living in a particular local area, in insects and some crustaceans: composed of many light-sensitive elements each forming a portion of an image, the spatial property of being crowded together, the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells, pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane, the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus, a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence, a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season, the process by which the body breaks down food, hybridization using two traits with two alleles each, an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different, the environment as it relates to living organisms, organisms interacting with their physical environment, a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances, the inner portion of the gelatinous liquid inside a cell, the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure, a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae, occurring or formed with absorption of heat, the outer layer of skin covering the body surface, membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body, the bodily process of discharging waste matter, the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs, breaking down an organic substance, as sugar into alcohol, whip or scourge; punish as if by whipping, the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings, the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant, the physically discrete element that Darwin proposed as responsible for heredity, part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth, the study of heredity and variation in organisms, the particular alleles present in an organism, the period during which an embryo develops, a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced, warming when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere, a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host, the resting state in which some animals pass the winter, restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place, metabolic equilibrium maintained by biological mechanisms, a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond, a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water, any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus, a tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested, hereditary succession to a title or an office or property, a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood, the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes), a rich soil consisting of sand, clay and organic materials, a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes, evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups, a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter, one of two forms that coelenterates take: it is the free-swimming sexual phase in the life cycle of a coelenterate; in this phase it has a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles, cell division that produces reproductive cells, a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells, mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles, the organic processes that are necessary for life, evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies, the process by which a cell divides into two smaller cells, a representation of something, often on a smaller scale, hybridization using a single trait with two alleles, cell from which another cell of an organism develops, a change or alteration in form or qualities, the relation between two organisms that benefit each other, the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae, the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells, a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates, a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction, diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane, the earth science that studies fossil organisms, an animal or plant that lives in or on a host, when one organism benefits from another by causing damage, transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion, thin protective membrane in some protozoa, the primary linkage of all protein structures, process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection, any distinct time period in a sequence of events, observable characteristics produced by genes and environment, plant tissue that conducts synthesized food substances, any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes, formation of compounds in plants aided by radiant energy, an organism's orienting response to light, a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition, the science dealing with the functioning of organisms, photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton, the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus, aggregate of small organisms that float or drift in water, a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell, a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication, fine spores produced by flowers to fertilize other flowers, transfer of the fine spores that contain male gametes, a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane, the people who inhabit a territory or state, temporary outgrowth of a cell used for locomotion or feeding, an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical, the act of forming again; renewing and reconstituting, a single complete act of breathing in and out, an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium, the organic process of releasing some substance, small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow, a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others, reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete, taxonomic group whose members can interbreed, a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion, a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte, a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips, the relation between two interdependent species of organisms, a classification of organisms based on similarities, a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes, the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen, the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form, the act of changing in form or shape or appearance, the transport of dissolved material within a plant, the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants. Read the definition, listen to the word and try spelling it! This can be caused by enzymes, lytic agents, or other toxic compounds. Carrying Capacity: It is the maximum population of a particular species, which can be supported for an indefinite period of time in a particular environment. Constriction: This is a method used by non-venomous snakes to tightly grip and suffocate their prey, by coiling around the prey. Hapten: A substance not inducing antibody formation, but which is able to combine with a specific antibody. Acid Soil: Soil which has a pH value lesser than 6.6. Histology: The study of tissues of organisms. Endoenzyme: Enzyme that acts along the internal portion of a polymer. These fragments are then eliminated by phagocytosis. Aigrette: A tuft of long and loose feathers used by breeding herons and egrets, during courtship displays. Cetaceans: Mainly marine mammals belonging to the Cetacea species. Contact us: inquiries@biologydictionary.net FOLLOW US WebBiology is the study of life. The definitive source of meaningful and informative explanations of biological concepts. WebOdyssey HIgH sCHOOL BIOLOgy VOCaBuLary These are the vocabulary words and definitions used throughout the Biology course. Diazotroph: Organism capable of using dinitrogen as its sole nitrogen source. light-independent reactions See Calvin cycle. [Back]. Chemotrophs: Organisms that obtain their energy by the oxidation of chemical compounds are chemotrophs. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Rhizobacteria: Bacteria that are found in roots, where they aggressively colonize. Catabolism: A process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler compounds, often accompanied by the release of energy. Bioaugmentation: Addition to the micro-organisms environment that can metabolize and grow on specific organic compounds.
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